University of St Andrews

Rectors at Scotland's oldest, and the English-speaking world's third-oldest, university, dating from 1413, have included John Stuart Mill and John Cleese. Academic dress is commonly worn by many of its 8,600-plus students and approximately 800-strong faculty. St Andrews has strong American links, with three Declaration of Independence signatories attending it or receiving its degrees - James Wilson, Benjamin Franklin and John Witherspoon.